Auxiliary Verbs
Haben | Sein | Werden | Sein as Intransitive Auxiliary | Werden as Passive Auxiliary
Auxiliary verbs are those which assist another verb, but may also function on their own. As you have seen earlier haben and werden are used as auxiliary verbs in many forms. Here we will go more in depth with these verbs and see how they are used by themselves in their many tenses.
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| haben - to have |
| Present: |
Future: |
| ich habe |
I have |
ich werde haben |
I shall have |
| du hast |
you have |
du wirst haben |
you will have |
| er/sie/es hat |
he/she/it has |
er/sie/es wird haben |
he/she/it will have |
| wir haben |
we have |
wir werden haben |
we shall have |
| ihr habt |
you have |
ihr werdet haben |
you will have |
| sie haben |
they have |
sie werden haben |
they will have |
| Sie haben |
you have |
Sie werden haben |
you will have |
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Simple: |
Perfect: |
| ich hatte |
I had |
ich habe gehabt |
I have had |
| du hattest |
you had |
du hast gehabt |
you have had |
| er/sie/es hatte |
he/she/it had |
er/sie/es hat gehabt |
he/she/it has had |
| wir hatten |
we had |
wir haben gehabt |
we have had |
| ihr hattet |
you had |
ihr habt gehabt |
you have had |
| sie hatten |
they had |
sie haben gehabt |
they have had |
| Sie hatten |
you had |
Sie haben gehabt |
you have had |
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Pluperfect: |
Conditional: |
| ich hatte gehabt |
I had had |
ich würde haben |
I should have |
| du hattest gehabt |
you had had |
du würdest haben |
you would have |
| er/sie/es hatte gehabt |
he/she/it had had |
er/sie/es würde haben |
he/she/it would have |
| wir hatten gehabt |
we had had |
wir würden haben |
we would have |
| ihr hattet gehabt |
you had had |
ihr würdet haben |
you would have |
| sie hatten gehabt |
they had had |
sie würden haben |
they would have |
| Sie hatten gehabt |
you had had |
Sie würden haben |
you would have |
Except for hast and hat, haben really is a weak verb.
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| sein - to be |
| Present: |
Future: |
| ich bin |
I am |
ich werde sein |
I shall be |
| du bist |
you are |
du wirst sein |
you will be |
| er/sie/es ist |
he/she/it is |
er/sie/es wird sein |
he/she/it will be |
| wir sind |
we are |
wir werden sein |
we shall be |
| ihr seid |
you are |
ihr werdet sein |
you will be |
| sie sind |
they are |
sie werden sein |
they will be |
| Sie sind |
you are |
Sie werden sein |
you will be |
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Simple: |
Perfect: |
| ich war |
I was |
ich bin gewesen |
I have been |
| du warst |
you were |
du bist gewesen |
you have been |
| er/sie/es war |
he/she/it was |
er/sie/es ist gewesen |
he/she/it has been |
| wir waren |
we were |
wir sind gewesen |
we have been |
| ihr wart |
you were |
ihr seid gewesen |
you have been |
| sie waren |
they were |
sie sind gewesen |
they have been |
| Sie waren |
you were |
Sie sind gewesen |
you have been |
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Pluperfect: |
Conditional: |
| ich war gewesen |
I had been |
ich würde sein |
I should be |
| du warst gewesen |
you had been |
du würdest sein |
you would be |
| er/sie/es war gewesen |
he/she/it had been |
er/sie/es würde sein |
he/she/it would be |
| wir waren gewesen |
we had been |
wir würden sein |
we would be |
| ihr wart gewesen |
you had been |
ihr würdet sein |
you would be |
| sie waren gewesen |
they had been |
sie würden sein |
they would be |
| Sie waren gewesen |
you had been |
Sie würden sein |
you would be |
Sein ist probably one of the most irregular verbs you will ever come across, yet it is probably the most important.
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| werden - to become |
| Present: |
Future: |
| ich werde |
I become |
ich werde werden |
I shall become |
| du wirst |
you become |
du wirst werden |
you will become |
| er/sie/es wird |
he/she/it becomes |
er/sie/es wird werden |
he/she/it will become |
| wir werden |
we become |
wir werden werden |
we shall become |
| ihr werdet |
you become |
ihr werdet werden |
you will become |
| sie werden |
they become |
sie werden werden |
they will become |
| Sie werden |
you become |
Sie werden werden |
you will become |
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Simple: |
Perfect: |
| ich wurde |
I became |
ich bin geworden |
I have become |
| du wurdest |
you became |
du bist geworden |
you have become |
| er/sie/es wurde |
he/she/it became |
er/sie/es ist geworden |
he/she/it has become |
| wir wurden |
we became |
wir sind geworden |
we have become |
| ihr wurdet |
you became |
ihr seid geworden |
you have become |
| sie wurden |
they became |
sie sind geworden |
they have become |
| Sie wurden |
you became |
Sie sind geworden |
you have become |
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Pluperfect: |
Conditional: |
| ich war geworden |
I had become |
ich würde werden |
I should become |
| du warst geworden |
you had become |
du würdest werden |
you would become |
| er/sie/es war geworden |
he/she/it had become |
er/sie/es würde werden |
he/she/it would become |
| wir sind geworden |
we had become |
wir würden werden |
we would become |
| ihr seid geworden |
you had become |
ihr würdet werden |
you would become |
| sie sind geworden |
they had become |
sie würden werden |
they would become |
| Sie sind geworden |
you had become |
Sie würden werden |
you would become |
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Like sein, werden also uses sein as an auxiliary verb to form the compound past tense. This happens with a small handful of intransitive verbs which mainly have to do with a change of place or state:
examples:
klettern - to climb
einschlafen - to fall asleep
Although it is only when they are intransitive that it is conjugated with sein. When they are transitive they are conjugated with haben.
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If you use werden as an auxiliary to form the passive voice the past participle becomes worden instead of geworden:
Present: Ich werde geärgert. - I am being annoyed.
Future: Ich werde geärgert werden. - I shall be annoyed.
Simple: Ich wurde geärgert. - I was annoyed.
Perfect: Ich bin geärgert worden. - I have been annoyed.
Pluperfect: Ich war geärgert worden. - I had been annoyed.
Conditional: Ich würde geärgert werden. - I should be annoyed.
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